The term “Cold War” was first used by George Orwell, author of the book satirizing Stalinism, “Animal Farm”. Besides periods of tense crisis in this bi-polar world, the Cold War deeply affected the newly independent countries in Africa and the liberation struggles in southern Africa from the 1960s until the 1990s, when the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was dismantled. The Cold War was characterised by conflict through proxy wars, the manipulation of more vulnerable states through extensive military and financial aid, espionage, propaganda, rivalry over technology, space and nuclear races, and sport. Why was it called the ‘Cold War’? The reason lay in the threat of new and even deadlier weapons of nuclear technology that prevented outright open warfare. How did the Cold War period shape international relations after the Second World War?Īfter the Second World War, there was a struggle between two world powers, the US and Russia.
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